optic nerve disorders pptoptic nerve disorders ppt

OPTIC NERVE - ANATOMY AND DISODERS.ppt. In cats, systemic diseases frequently affect the eye and associated structures. 36. The CNs can be sensory or motor or both. it may be caused by arteriosclerotic occlusive disorders of the posterior . COLOBOMA OF THE OPTIC DISC results from failure in closure of the embryonic Fissure. • Optic disc swelling frequently occurs with posterior uveitis and retinitis. Pituitary adenomas 3. There are many types of optic nerve disorders including, Glaucoma, Optic neuritis, Optic nerve atrophy and optic nerve head drusen. The optic nerve is a bundle of more than 1 million nerve fibers. Optic neuritis can affect your vision and cause pain. -3 pathways: primary oflactory cortex, amygdala for emotional response to others and hunger. Craniopharyngioma 4. Diseases and Surgery of the Retina, Macula & Assistant Professor, Department of Ophthalmology Vitreous University of Kentucky College of Medicine. There are twelve cranial nerves. Objectives 1. Proptosis Inferior rectus muscle restriction • The 12 cranial nerves supply motor and sensory innervation to the head and neck. The distance from a normal temporal disc edge to the macula is 3 disc diameters. (+) Visual abnormalities (color, VA) Optic nerve head swelling. Optic atrophy and neuroretinitis Mutahir Shah. While most of the times optic nerve disorders treatment includes symptomatic treatments that may not have an improvement in vision but can prevent further vision loss. Retinal and optic nerve head diseases are often associated with NGODC, including arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION; 7-10), which is the most common cause despite being rarely observed in China. PDF. Blurring and clouding of vision are usually the first symptoms . PowerPoint Presentation. Version 2.0 Cranial Nerve Disorders 11/05/2012 General Lesion possible locations: muscle, NMJ, nerve outside or inside brainstem . daytime sleepiness. Congenital Optic Nerve Abnormalities. | PowerPoint PPT presentation | free to download. Besides MS, optic nerve inflammation can occur with other conditions, including infections or immune diseases, such as lupus. Abstract. About Cranial Nerve Disorders. Vision disturbances can be caused by disorders of the optic nerve, central nervous system (brain and spine), eyeball movement and pupil abnormalities. Two numbers are reported. • Optic nerve dysfunction Autoimmune Disorders . H1, 2015 Optic Neuritis Global Clinical Trials Review - Big Market Research, Optic Neuritis Global Clinical Trials Review, H1 Market Size, Share, Global . 1  It is thought that the crossing and uncrossing optic nerve fibers that travel through the optic chiasm developed in . If the optic nerve is small, the number of disc diameters increases to greater than 3.5 disc diameters. A gradual course points to compressive, toxic . Optic nerve diseases could also lead to life- and vision-threatening conditions . Septo-optic Dysplasia (SOD) &amp;/Or Optic Nerve Hypoplasia (ONH) - . SLC25A46 is an outer membrane protein, member of . For unknown reasons, males are affected much more often than females. Optic nerve disorders commonly produce pallor, pathologic cupping, or swelling of the optic disc. The hereditary optic neuropathies comprise a group of disorders in which the cause of optic nerve dysfunction appears to be hereditable, based on familial expression or genetic analysis. The circulation of the posterior ciliary artery is the main source of blood supply to the ONH, except for the surface nerve fiber layer which is supplied by the retinal circulation. This atrophy causes the optic nerve not to work as well as it should, which affects . Study design: A prospective observational study examined the prevalence of endocrinopathies at study enrollment and growth patterns in children with ONH. The optic disc is usually oval, measuring about 1.5 by 1.75 mm, with its long axis typically oriented vertically. 2. These studies have shown that younger children (<10 years of age) are more likely to present with bilateral ON and . Optic Nerve Disorders Treatment Market Analysis (2019-2027) - Read here the market research report on the u201coptic. Disorders of chiasm and retrochiasm • Anatomy • Clinical features 3. . The most common causes of unilateral optic disc edema are nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION), optic neuritis (termed papillitis when disc swelling is present), and orbital compressive lesions (see Table 15-1). . • Optic neuropathy can also occur in the context orbital inflammatory disease (orbital pseudotumor). Proptosis Inferior rectus muscle restriction 39. anomalies. In the present study, one patient with CLRAO and CRVO also exhibited NGODC, which to the best of our knowledge, is the first such . loss of appetite. Knowledge regarding clinical presentation, associated diseases, therapy, and outcomes in ON in children has grown over the past decade. In terms of its embryonic development, the optic nerve is a part of the central nervous system (CNS) rather than a peripheral nerve. The normal ratio of the cup-to-nerve diameters is 0 to 0.4. Glaucoma is a condition where an accumulation of fluid in the eye increases the intraocular pressure resulting in optic nerve damage. The pituitary gland in the sella turcica lies inferior to the chiasm. Without systemic associations Tilted optic disc Optic disc drusen Optic disc pit Myelinated nerve fibres 2. PALLOR AND CUPPING The axons that make up the optic nerve may be affected by disease anywhere along their course, from their origin in the inner retina to their synaptic endpoint in the lateral geniculate body. Disc hemorrhages. In other diseases, defects in nuclear genes lead to dysfunction of mitochondrial proteins. EPIDEMIOLOGY 1/1,00,000 5:1- female:male ratio Young age (20-40 years old) 4. Diseases caused by mutation in the mtDNA include Kearns-Sayre syndrome, MELAS syndrome and Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy. Using data on adults from the ONTT and applying it to children, the initial treatment of choice for pediatric optic neuritis is intravenous methylprednisolone for three to five days (20 to 30 mg/kg/d . Like Share Report 679 Views . Kelli Shaon, O.D. Pituitary adenomas 3. View more. 14.4) lie on the dia-phragma sellae, a dural fold that forms the roof of the sella turcica. Cranial nerve disorders, such as trigeminal neuralgia and hemifacial spasm, affect the connections between cranial nerve centers within the brain. nerve cupping in the right eye with posterior scleral flattening and. The mitochondrial protein SLC25A46 has been recently identified as a novel pathogenic cause in a wide spectrum of neurological diseases, including inherited optic atrophy, Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2, Leigh syndrome, progressive myoclonic ataxia and lethal congenital pontocerebellar hypoplasia. vision disturbances. The optic nerve connects the brain to the eye. Disorders of chiasm and retrochiasm • Anatomy • Clinical features 3. The optic nerve carries signals from the eye to the brain about what is seen. Damage along the optic nerve pathway causes specific patterns of vision loss. The optic disc or nerve head is the point where the axons from the retinal ganglion cells leave the eye. Fibres from the nasal parts of retina decussate at optic chiasm, join with the non-decussating fibres . Neuroimaging often misses mild optic nerve hypoplasia. • Trigeminal neuralgia and Bell palsy are common cranial nerve disorders. The first is the distance of the subject from the chart in meters (usually 6). The optic nerve takes visual information gathered from your eye and transmits it using a series of . It is an important sign of advanced optic nerve disease. Optic nerve. Optic Nerve: The optic nerve carries the impulses formed by the retina to the brain for interpretation. The nerve head appears as a white circular structure in the back of the eye. Objective: To determine the prevalence of endocrinopathies, neuroradiographical findings, and growth derangements in young children with optic nerve hypoplasia (ONH). Description: 1. Optic nerve. memory impairment. The prevalence of glaucoma increases with age. As a result, there's no standard regimen for treatment of pediatric optic neuritis, and the choice of treatment is dependent upon the clinician. To biologists, the optic chiasm is thought to be a turning point in evolution. NMOSD usually occurs in adulthood, but symptoms may start at any age. Download Presentation. 1. Optic nerve sheath meningiomas (ONSMs) are usually benign neoplasms of the meninges surrounding the optic nerve. headaches. Optic nerve atrophy is the term used to describe the loss of a proportion of optic disc nerve fibres. Number of Views: 829. Meningioma. Maseno University. Systemic lupus erythematosis: optic nerve involvement . Unilateral, Larger nerve head Funnel shaped nerve head surrounded by chorioretinal pigment changes Vessels of the nerve head often appear hidden by glial tissue centrally. As a rule, optic nerve function is abnormal in . It may affect one or both eyes. 2 . The history often points to the possible etiology of the optic neuropathy. Optic nerve glioma is a slow-growing tumor, which typically affects children. May cause damage to retina, choroid, and optic nerve Optic neuritis (ON) is a common presenting symptom in pediatric CNS demyelinating disorders and may be associated with dramatic visual loss. Usually unilateral. EYELIDS DISORDERS.ppt. vitreous humor, a jelly-like fluid that maintains eye shape and refracts light rays CONGENITAL OPTIC NERVE ANOMALIES. to glaucoma, OCT also appears to be useful in assessing other optic nerve diseases and, to some extent, central nervous system pathologies that affect the eye. of the optic nerve by a pathogen and /or indirect involvement with inflammatory, degenerative, or vascular mechanisms. balance problems. Other inflammatory diseases affecting the arteries supplying the optic nerve include polyarteritis nodosa, thromboangiitis obliterans, optic disc vasculitis and syphilitic meningitis. Damage to an optic nerve can cause vision loss. Chiasmal Lesions Anatomy: The optic chiasm and the optic nerves (Fig. Neuro-opHthalmology Dr Mahmood FauziASSIST PROF OPHTHALMOLOGY AL MAAREFA COLLEGEObjectives Define the term Neuro-OphthalmologyDescribe the characteristics of normal fundus, optic disc,Identify Selected optic nerve diseases Neuro-ophthalmology is the sub-specialty of both neurology and ophthalmology concerning visual problems that are related to the nervous systemSome . Although this condition usually begins in a person's teens or twenties, rare cases may appear in early childhood or later in adulthood. 1 While optic nerve tumors are rare, ONSMs account for approximately one-third of all intrinsic tumors of the optic nerve. Systemic lupus erythematosis: optic nerve involvement . 1. The optic chiasm is an X-shaped structure formed by the crossing of the optic nerves in the brain. Optic Nerve Disease. 1 / 6. protrusion of optic nerve papilla into the globe (arrow) 12. fPAPILLITIS. Morning Glory Disc. NURSING FUNDAMENTA. This swelling typically affects one eye, but can affect both at the same time. cranial nerve 1: olfactory. Key Points. 12. swelling and optic nerve dysfunction are unilateral or bilateral. Optic Nerve Disease. 35. Cranial Nerve Disorders. The three types of vision loss caused by optic nerve disorders are: One eye or one optic nerve is . or systemic disease, to minor congenital. The optic cup is the central depression, and the optic disk is the entire area of the optic nerve head. Neural loss from the optic nerve is a frequently occurring, irreversible blinding pathology that involves optic light . 5. 923 Views Download Presentation. diminution of vision (due to retrobulbar neuritis or of vision (due to retrobulbar neuritis or compression of optic nerve and /or its blood compression . Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) affect the spinal cord and optic nerves (nerves that carry visual messages to and from the brain). The cranial nerve emerge from or enter the skull (the cranium), as opposed to the spinal nerves which emerge from the vertebral column.

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